While most of this hydrogen is produced via centralized reforming of natural gas, deployments of clean alternatives, such as electrolysis, are rapidly increasing. Other emerging approaches include thermochemical water splitting, use of photoelectrochemical cells, and biological pathways.
The primary uses of hydrogen in the United States today are in the oil refining and ammonia industries. Other emerging applications include the industrial sector e. If you are not familiar with the H2 Scale concept, please see presentations and proceedings from our recent workshops, available below, or view our H2 Scale handouts:.
On Oct. The selected projects, or cooperative research and development agreements CRADAs , will leverage the Advanced Research on Integrated Energy Systems ARIES platform to enable the integration of hydrogen technologies in future energy systems, including energy storage and a specific focus on safety and risk mitigation.
H2 Airports Workshop, November Based on polarization curve and durability testing protocols in Table P. Steinbach et al. Technical Targets: Membranes for Transportation Applications. For H 2 test methods, see M. Inaba et. Electrochimica Acta, 51, , For O 2 test methods, see Zhang et. Yandrasits 3M , private communication, February 1, The Roadmap, the Vision, the Posture Plans, the Program Plan, and the results of key stakeholder workshops continue to form the underlying basis for this current edition of the Program Plan.
The Plan explores a number of processes that split water into hydrogen and oxygen using electric, thermal, or photonic light energy from diverse, sustainable domestic sources such as solar, wind, nuclear, and others. Low temperature electrolyzers including liquid-alkaline and membrane-based electroyzers that use electricity to split water offer near-term commercial viability, with units available today at the multi-megawatt MW scale. These electrolyzers can be coupled to the electric grid, or integrated directly with distributed-generation assets to produce hydrogen for various end uses.
High-temperature electrolyzers can leverage both electricity and heat from generation sources such as nuclear, fossil with carbon capture, utilization and storage CCUS , or concentrated solar power plants to improve conversion efficiencies, further reducing cost. Reversible fuel cells, currently under development, combine the functionality of electroyzers and fuel cells, either using electricity to split water into hydrogen and oxygen, or using hydrogen and oxygen to produce electricity and water.
0コメント